Skilled Migration Pathways to Australia Explained (2026)
Published 2026-02-10
Overview of Skilled Migration
Skilled migration is the primary pathway to Australian permanent residency for working-age professionals. There are three main independent/nominated pathways (189, 190, 491) and employer-sponsored pathways (482, 186, 494). Each has different requirements, but all require you to have skills in an occupation that Australia needs.
The Points Test
The 189, 190, and 491 visas use a points-based system. You need a minimum of 65 points, but competitive scores are typically 80–95+. Points are awarded for: Age (25–32 years gets maximum 30 points), English proficiency (up to 20 points for superior English), Work experience (up to 20 points), Education (up to 20 points for PhD), Australian study (5 points), Regional study (5 points), Partner skills (up to 10 points), State nomination (5 for 190, 15 for 491), and other factors.
Skilled Occupation Lists
Your occupation must be on the relevant skilled occupation list. The MLTSSL (Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List) covers 189, 190, and 482 medium-term stream. The STSOL (Short-term Skilled Occupation List) covers 190 and 482 short-term stream. The ROL (Regional Occupation List) covers 491 and 494. Lists are updated periodically — check the current list before planning your application.
Which Pathway is Right for You?
Subclass 189 (Skilled Independent): Best if you have high points (85+) and want to live anywhere in Australia. No sponsor needed. Subclass 190 (Skilled Nominated): Good if you need extra points — state nomination adds 5 points. Must commit to living in the nominating state for 2 years. Subclass 491 (Regional): Best if you're willing to live in regional Australia — adds 15 points and has more open occupation lists. Employer Sponsored: Best if you have a job offer from an Australian employer — no points test required.
The SkillSelect Process
For 189, 190, and 491 visas, you must submit an Expression of Interest (EOI) through the SkillSelect system. The Department runs regular invitation rounds, selecting the highest-scoring EOIs. Once invited, you have 60 days to submit your full visa application. State nominations (190/491) have their own application processes that vary by state.
Do You Need an Agent for Skilled Migration?
Skilled migration is one of the most complex visa categories, involving skills assessments, English tests, points calculations, EOI strategy, and extensive documentation. A migration agent can help you maximise your points score, choose the right pathway, prepare a strong application, and navigate any complications. This is one area where professional advice is particularly valuable.
Need Professional Help?
Find a MARA-registered migration agent who can assist with your application.
Browse Agents